Accra, Ghana
Fact Sheet on Ghana Fact Sheet on Ghana

Fact Sheet on Ghana

High Commission of India
Accra
***

GHANA FACT-SHEET

Accra,dsfds

GENERAL

Official Name

Republic of Ghana

Location

On the West Coast of Africa, situated between latitudes 4° and 11° North, bordered by Togo on the east, Côte D’Ivoire on the West, Burkina Faso on the North and the Atlantic Ocean on the South.

Capital

Accra

Regions

16 (Greater Accra, Western, Central, Eastern, Volta, Ashanti, Bono, Northern, Upper West, Upper East, Ahafo, Bono East, Savannah, North East, Oti and Western North). Last 6 regions created in 2018. Regions are headed by Regional Ministers appointed by the President.

Area

238,533 km2. (Land: 227,533 km2; Water: 11,000 km2)

Climate

Ghana is characterized by a tropical climate. The annual rainfall level decreases as the altitude increases to the north, where Savannah climate becomes dominant. Most part of the country belongs to the Tropical Savannas climate and the Sub-Sahelian African moist region. The annual mean temperature ranges from 25°C to 27°C and is fairly constant throughout the year. The annual rainfall can be as high as 2,000mm in the south-western part of the country & decreases towards the north-east, dropping to 1,000mm at the northern border area.

Population

30.83 million (Male: 15.2mn; Female: 15.6mn) (Ghana PHC, 2021)

Age Profile

0-14 (35.3%); 15-64 (60.4%), 65 & above (4.3%)

Life Expectancy

64.9 years (Male 63.8 years; female 66.1 years)

Languages

English; Major local dialects: Akan (or Twi), Ewe, Dagbani, Nzema and Ga/Adangbe. In all, there are about 60 different languages.

Ethnic Groups

Akan 45.7%, Mole-Dagbani 18.5%, Ewe 12.8%, Ga-Dangme 7.1%, Gurma 6.4%, Guan 3.2%, Grusi 2.7%, Mande 2%, other 1.6% (2021e)

Religion

Christian 71.3% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 31.6%, Protestant 17.4%, Catholic 10%, other 12.3%), Muslim 19.9%, traditionalist 3.2%, other 4.5%, none 1.1% (2021 est.)

Internet Penetration

69.8% (Jan 2024). Total data subscriptions: 24.76mn (Jan 2024)

Mobile Phones

Total voice subscriptions was 39,812,171 (Jan. 2023)

Urbanisation

59.24% (2023, Statista)

Forest area

7.9mn hectares, 35.1% of total land area (FAO, 2020)

POLITICAL

Political Structure

Unitary Republic; Constitutional democracy

Major Political Parties

Ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) and Opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP); others are Convention People’s Party (CPP)

In the Parliamentary elections held on 07 December 2024, out of 276 seats, the NDC won 183 seats and the NPP won 88 seats, with 04 seats secured by an independent (1 seat, Ablekuma North, may go for re-poll)

Head of State

President (H.E. Mr. John Dramani Mahama since 7 January 2025; re-elected for 2nd term winning the Presidential elections in December 2024, securing 56.55% votes. His first term was from 2012-2017)

Head of Government

Presidential Form of Government

Political Structure

Unitary Republic; Constitutional Democracy

ECONOMIC

Currency

Cedis (1 Cedi=100 pesewas; USD1=GhC GhC14.69 ) (Dec 2024, Xe)

GDP

USD 75.31bn (2024 IMF); (PPP) US$ 6729.93 (2023, Trading Economics)

GDP Per Capita

USD 2,137 (2024 estimated, Trading Economics)

Real GDP Growth Rate

7.2% (Q3 2024, MoF)

Composition of GDP

Agriculture (24.5%); Industry (32.6%); Services (42.9%)

(GSS, 2024).

Inflation

23.8% (December 2024, GSS)

External debt

USD 27.9bn (October 2024, BOG)

Unemployment

4.0% (2024, Fitch Solutions)

Total Trade with World

Total: USD 27.4bn (Q1-Q3, 2024, GSS)

Exports: USD 14.5bn

Imports: USD 19.9bn

Exports to World

Top 5 items (Q3, 2024)

Gold bullion - GhC 46.5bn;

Crude petroleum - GhC 11.6bn;

Cocoa paste - GhC 2.0bn;

Manganese ores - GhC 1.5bn

Tuna - GhC 0.6bn.

Imports from World

Top 5 items (Q3, 2024)

Gas oil - GhC 7.0bn;

Motor spirit, super - GhC 5.9bn;

Self-propelled bulldozers - GhC 2.0bn;

Shea nuts - GhC 1.4bn;

Cereal grains - GhC 1.2bn.

FDIs net inflows

USD 316 million (Q1-Q3 2024, GIPC)

Net ODAs received

USD 1.045bn (2022, WB)

BILATERAL TRADE

Total Trade

USD 1,852.65mn (2024-2025 Apr-Oct); USD 1,112.53mn (2023-24);

[USD 2,873.76mn (2022-23); USD 2,607.24mn (2021-22); USD 2,237.46mn (2020-21), USD 2,390.97mn (2019-20); USD 4,480.74mn (2018-19)] (DoC, GoI)

India’s Exports

USD 770.10mn (2024-2025 Apr-Oct); USD 437.11mn (2023-24);

[USD 964.17mn (2022-23); USD 1109.66mn (2021-22); USD 862.50mn (2020-21); USD 617.42mn (2019-2020); USD 717.33mn (2018-19)] (DoC, GoI)


Pharmaceutical, Mineral Fuels & Oils, Plastics & articles, Iron or Steel & articles, Vehicles & parts, Textile, Chemicals, Cereals, Paper & Paperboard, etc.

India’s Imports

USD 1,082.55 (2024-2025 Apr-Oct); USD 675.42 mn (2023-24);

[USD 1,909.59mn (2022-23); USD 1,497.77mn (2021-22); USD 1,374.96mn (2020-21); USD 1,773.55mn (2019-2020); USD 3,763.41mn (2018-19). (DoC, GoI)


Gold, Edible fruit and nuts, Wood, Oil seeds and Olea, Aluminium, Rubber, Cocoa, Iron and Steel, etc.

India’s FDIs in Ghana

USD 15.08mn in 10 projects in 2024 (Jan-Sep), USD 77.93mn in 13 projects in 2023 ; USD 32.48mn in 25 projects in 2022.

[USD 2.2bn between 1994-2021. USD 93.84mn in 25 projects in 2021; USD 34.87mn in 11 projects in 2020; USD 17.49mn in 16 projects]. (GIPC)

Agriculture, pharmaceuticals, construction, manufacturing, agro-processing, service, tourism, etc.

Ghana’s FDIs in India

As per data available with DIPP, FDI inflow from Ghana is negligible. US$ 7.92mn from Apr 2000-Sep 2024. (DPIIT, GoI)

Indian Community

The estimated number of Indians living in Ghana is about 15,000 out of which about 3,000 hold Ghanaian nationality. Some of the PIOs have been in Ghana for over 70 years. Majority of the older generation of PIOs are Gujaratis and Sindhis. The business activities of Indians in Ghana have contributed in a major way to the economic development of Ghana and is well appreciated. The NRIs in Ghana are mainly middle level employees of companies operating in Ghana, both Indian-origin owned as well as foreign companies, particularly in IT, marketing, finance and accounts, etc.

01 January 2025